作为英语中最难掌握的虚拟语气，首先需要掌握标准形式。（例句除标注外，均出自朗文5、牛津8）1.表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+动词的过去式（did，或be使用were（也可用was，表示）
作为英语中最难掌握的虚拟语气，首先需要掌握标准形式。
（例句除标注外，均出自朗文5、牛津8）
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句：If +主语+动词的过去式（did，或be使用were（也可用was，表示）
主句：主语+ could/should/would/might + do
例如：
If he improved his IT skills, he’d (= he would) easily get a job.
他如果提高了自己的IT技能，就会容易找到工作。
I should stay in bed if I were you.
我要是你，就卧床休息。
If I didn’t apologize, I’d feel guilty.
如果我不道歉，我会感到内疚。
If Dad were here, he would know what to do.
如果爸爸在这儿，他会知道怎么做的。
If we were to offer you more money, would you stay? = Were we to …
假如我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？
The news would be interesting if (it were) true, but it’s not true. [韦氏高阶]
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If +主语+ had done
主句：主语+ could/should/would/might +have done
例如：
They would never met if she hadn’t gone to Emma’s party.
她如果不去参加艾爱玛的聚会，他们就永远不会相会。
I would have phoned you, but there wasn’t time.
我本想给你打电话，但没有时间。
I could have warned you if I had known where you were.
我要是知道你在那里的话就提醒你了。
If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exams.
要是你努力一点，就通过考试了。
If I hadn’t seen it with my own eyes I wouldn’t have believed it.
要不是亲眼看见了，我不会相信的。
If I’d had time, I would have gone to Graham.
如果我那时有时间的话，我本来会去看望…的。
If I had seen the advertisement in time I would have applied for the job.
我要是及时看到了这则广告，我就应聘那份工作了。
If you had studied, you would have passed the test. [韦氏高阶]
The harvest would have been good if it had rained. [韦氏高阶]
Had I known that (= If I had known that) I would never have come.
要是早知道，我绝不会来的。
Had we known about it earlier, we could have warned people of the danger.
假如早点知道这件事的话，我们就能提醒人们有危险了。
3.表示与将来事实相反的情况
从句： If +主语+ did或
If +主语+ were to do或
If +主语+ should do
主句：主语+ could/should/would/might + do（常使用would do）
例如：
I would be amazed if I got the job.
我要是得到这份工作就会喜出望外。
What would you do if you won a million pounds?
如果你赢了100万英镑，你会做什么？
What would you do if you lost your job?
要是失去了工作你会怎么办？[剑桥高阶]
If I were to refuse they’d be very annoyed.
如果我拒绝，他们会很气恼的。
=[正式] Were I to refuse they’d be very annoyed.
倘若我拒绝，他们会很气恼的。[剑桥高阶]
2016年12月23日
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